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黄河三角洲是中国大型河口三角洲之一，黄河的水沙沉积是黄河三角洲延伸和发展的重要基础。采用Mann-Kendall非参数检验、累积距平、小波分析等方法对黄河下游利津水文站的水沙量数据进行具体分析，以探求1972—2022年黄河下游水沙量变化特征及影响因素。结果表明：黄河下游年均径流量为218.50亿m3,年均输沙量为4.03亿t,年径流量和年输沙量均随时间下降，且年输沙量下降幅度更为突出，降幅高达69%;年径流量突变年份为1985年，年输沙量于1996年发生突变，表现为径流量和输沙量突然减少；黄河下游水沙序列存在多时间尺度的周期变化，均以11 a为第一主周期；径流、泥沙变化规律受气候变化和人类活动的双重影响，人类活动是影响黄河下游水沙演变的主要因素。研究结果有助于全面认识黄河下游水沙变化规律，为保护和恢复黄河三角洲生态环境提供科学支撑。
Abstract：The Yellow River Delta is one of the large estuary deltas in China.The water and sediment deposition of the Yellow River is an important foundation for the extension and development of the Yellow River Delta.In order to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of water and sediment in the lower reaches of the Yellow River from 1972 to 2022,Mann-Kendall nonparametric test, cumulative anomaly, wavelet analysis and other methods were used to analyze the water and sediment data at Lijin Hydrological Station in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.The results indicate that the mean annual runoff in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is 2.185×1010 m3,while the mean annual sediment discharge is 4.03×108 t.Both annual runoff and annual sediment discharge exhibit a decreasing trend over time, while annual sediment discharge shows a more pronounced decline of up to 69%.Abrupt changes in annual runoff and annual sediment discharge occure in 1985 and 1996,respectively, characterized by sudden reductions in both variables.The water and sediment series demonstrate periodic variations at multiple temporal scales, with an 11-year cycle identified as the primary period.The variations in runoff and sediment transport are influenced by both climate change and human activities, with the latter playing a dominant role in shaping water and sediment evolution in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.The research results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of dynamics of water and sediment variation in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and provide scientific support for the protection and ecological restoration of the Yellow River Delta.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20062/j.cnki.CN37-1453/N.2026.01.003
中图分类号:P333
引用信息:
[1]张春阳,谭海涛,房庆,等.近50年黄河三角洲水沙量演变特征分析[J].鲁东大学学报(自然科学版),2026,42(01):20-30.DOI:10.20062/j.cnki.CN37-1453/N.2026.01.003.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(42171111,42271055);国家自然科学基金-山东联合基金(U2006215)