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为探究生物炭在改善滨海盐碱土壤肥力和提高作物生长的潜力，本文以黄河三角洲盐碱农田土壤为对象，通过土壤理化性质测定、16S rRNA高通量测序和光合能力测定等实验，研究了添加生物炭对土壤盐碱环境、土壤肥力以及玉米耐盐生长等多方面的影响。研究结果如下：1)较CK组(不添加生物炭的对照组),BC组(添加生物炭的实验组)的亚耕层土壤电导率下降明显，且耕作层和亚耕层的土壤含水量、总养分(总有机碳、总氮和总磷)和有效养分(有效氮和有效磷)质量分数均有不同程度的显著增加；2) BC组的耕作层土壤蔗糖酶和土壤碱性磷酸酶活性，以及亚耕层土壤脲酶活性，均显著高于CK组；3) BC组耕作层土壤细菌群落的丰富度显著降低，多数优势细菌的相对丰度显著下降，但Bacilli和γ-Proteobacteria的丰度明显上升；4)在各生长时期，BC组玉米的生长状况和光合能力显著优于CK组，其植株高度、生物量、叶绿素a质量分数、净光合速率和气孔导度等指标均明显增加。综上所述，本研究表明添加生物炭是改善滨海盐碱土壤肥力和促进玉米生长的有效策略，这为黄河三角洲盐碱农田高质量利用提供了一定的理论参考。
Abstract：To explore the potential of biochar in improving soil fertility and enhancing crop growth in coastal saline-alkali farmlands in the Yellow River Delta, this study mainly used soil physicochemical properties measuring, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and photosynthetic capacity measuring to analyze comprehensive impacts of biochar addition on various indices, including soil saline-alkali environment, soil fertility and salt tolerant growth of maize.The results are as follows. 1) Compared with CK,the soil electrical conductivity decreased significantly both in the tillage and sub-tillage layer of BC group, meanwhile the soil moisture content, total nutrient(TOC,TN,and TP) and available nutrient(AN and AP) increased substantially.2) The activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase in the tillage layer soil in BC group were markedly higher than those in CK,as well as the increasing urease activity in the sub-tillage layer soil.3) The soil bacterial community richness exhibited an obvious reduction in the tillage layer soil of BC group.Significantly, most dominant bacterial taxa decreased, while the relative abundances of Bacilli and γ-Proteobacteria increased.4) At each growth stage of maize, both growth performance(plant height and biomass) and photosynthetic capacity(mass fractions of Chl-a, Pn, and Gs) in BC group were significantly higher than those in CK.In conclusion, this study suggests that biochar is an effective strategy for improving soil fertility and promoting maize growth in coastal saline-alkali soils.This provides a theoretical basis for the high-quality utilization of saline-alkali farmland in the Yellow River Delta.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20062/j.cnki.CN37-1453/N.2025.04.004
中图分类号:S156.42;S513
引用信息:
[1]闫军芬,杨凯心,王志康,等.生物炭对滨海盐碱农田土壤肥力和玉米生长的影响[J].鲁东大学学报(自然科学版),2025,41(04):318-327+342.DOI:10.20062/j.cnki.CN37-1453/N.2025.04.004.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(42271055); 国家自然科学基金—山东联合基金(U2106214); 山东省高等学校青创团队(2022KJ118)